Soccers Lack of Success in the U.S. Essay - 662 Words

Soccers Lack of Success in the U.S. Soccer, or football, which the rest of the world outside of the United States calls it, is surely the most popular sport in the world. Every four years, the world championships of soccer, the World Cup, is watched by literally billions all over the world, beating out the Untied States professional football’s Super Bowl by far. It is estimated that 1.7 billion television viewers watched the World Cup final between France and Brazil in July of 1998. And it is also a genuine world championship, involving teams from 32 countries in the final rounds, unlike America’s baseball World Series that involves only the United States. But although soccer has become an†¦show more content†¦Anyone who has attended a live football game knows how commercial time-outs slow the game and sometimes, at its most exciting moments, disrupt the flow of events. There is no doubt that without television definitely would not stay the same in the homes and hearts of Americans. Also, with out the money from advertising, the teams couldn’t afford the sky-high salaries of their superstars. Soccer, on the other hand, except for its halftime break, has no time-outs and is constant run, run, run, back and forth, relentlessly, with only a few seconds of relaxation when a goal is scored, and that happens two or 3 times in a normal game, sometimes never scoring in a game. The best that commercial television can hope for is an injury timeout and that is only when a player is very seriously injured. Another reason is Americans love their violence, and soccer doesn’t have the violence that American football and soccer have. There is some violence, yes, but Americans can’t expect the the bone-crushing hits in football, and the knockout punch fights in hockey, game after game. In soccer, players are actually singled out and warned with embarrassing â€Å"yellow cards† for acts of violenceShow MoreRelatedGillette? Why Innovation May Not Be Enough5573 Words   |  23 Pagescompetitive, but mature, razor and blade market, Gillette holds a commanding worldwide market share. The peak of its innovation occurred in 2006 with the introduction of the Fusion 5-bladed razor. Today, innovation in razors and blades is thwarted by a lack of new technology and increasing consumer reluctance to pay for the â€Å"latest and greatest† in shaving technology. Gillette must decide how to put the razor wars behind them and maintain or increase its share of the global razo r market. Themes: ProductRead MoreDeveloping Countries Mega Events5254 Words   |  22 PagesCriteria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..P22 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦P24 Introduction Traditionally ‘Mega’ sports events such as the World Cup and the Summer Olympic Games have been reserved for highly developed countries such as The U.S, U.K, France and Spain. The only developing nations to host the World Cup in its 76 years’ history are Brazil (who have a rich soccer tradition), their South American neighbors Chile, Uruguay and Argentina, and Mexico, who hosted the FIFA World Cup

Assimilating to Fukuyamas Immigrants and Falmily Values...

In the essay â€Å"Immigrants and Family Values†, the author Francis Fukuyama argued that immigrants, are not a threat for American family values, but rather American culture can become a threat for â€Å"newcomers†. On the other hand, Fukuyama expressed that as long as first generation immigrants want to keep their culture and language intact in school that will keep them from really assimilating the new culture. Before explaining why immigrants are not a threat for United States family values, Fukuyama introduced the opposing attitudes about immigrants being a threat for traditional American family values. In the first place, Fukuyama exposed the point of views of American conservatives who believed that immigrants who are not European†¦show more content†¦First, the author broke down immigrants in different groups. First, he demonstrated that Asian families are more stable and have less divorce rates than Caucasian families. Francis Fukuyama also talked about Latinos’ family stability. Fukuyama admitted that Latinos are somehow less stable than Caucasian families, but they were not the worse. Fukuyama says that Latino are not a threat for American society because even though most Latino immigrants are low skill workers, they work hard for their family even if that means to accept a low pay job. After the author clarified that immigrants are not a threat for American family values, he admitted that America is indeed passing through a family values crisis. Fukuyama disputed the conservative belief that the origin of the American family values crisis comes from outside, he indicated the causes of the family crisis is coming from the heart of the American culture. He said that many American movements like â€Å"feminism, sexual revolution, capitalism, discredit of male-dominated household, and no fault divorce† among others are more directly associated with the decay of family values and unity than immigrants form different culture and religions. Fukuyama even expressed his concerning that the ones in danger of family values decay are immigrants, not Americans itself. After leaving clear that immigrants are not a threat for American values he exposed his concern about multiculturalism and the

Business Economics Market Economy Format

Question: Describe about the Business Economics for Market Economy Format. Answer: Introduction The demand and supply framework control a market of any economy. The report aims to discuss the economic issues that prevail in an economy and their impact on the demand and supply. In order to analyze the impact, the microeconomic and the macroeconomic concepts are focused. Furthermore, the microeconomic and the macroeconomic environment affect the business activities mainly. The price of the coal in an economy is determined by the supply demand theory. However, even though coal is a necessary commodity the price of the oil has reduced to half in a span of two years. The lower coal price significantly affects the countries that take part in the trade of coal. Nevertheless, certain industries are better off due to the fall in the price level of coal while others are worse-off. Understanding the microeconomic and the macroeconomic concepts in details using demand and supply In a perfectly competitive market of the economy, the price of every goods and service is determined by the action of an invisible hand or the demand and supply theory (Mankiw 2014). Supply is the amount of the good, the suppliers are willing to offer to the customers and demand is the amount of good the customers are willing to purchase and pay for. The demand curve and the supply curve indicate the amount of good demanded and supplied in an economy (Duarte and Lima 2012). The interaction of both the curves determines the equilibrium quantity and the equilibrium price of the good. The market economy experienced the reduction in the price of the coal over the past two years, which was at its height then. Coal is one of the necessary commodities as it is consumed at the huge amount by the industries and for the domestic purpose. The price of the coal is determined by the supply demand theory, according to which rise in the demand for coal will cause the price level of the coal to fall. According to the law of demand, the relation between the price of the good and the quantity of good demanded is inversely proportional to each other (Borucke et al. 2013). When a good is more necessary, the good becomes less elastic in nature. In the opinion of Rios, McConnell and Brue 2013), the low elasticity of the price of coal indicates that the changes in the price of coal will not affect the quantity demanded coal in the economy. Since coal is a necessary good, the demand for it is high. Based on the indifference curve analysis, when the price of coal falls (other factors r emaining ceteris paribus), a new equilibrium is obtained. A consumer purchases more of coal than before. Thus, in this case, a rise in the demand for the coal reduces the price level. Effects of the microeconomic and macroeconomic environment on the business activities in an economy All the business activities taking place in an economy is significantly influenced by the microeconomic and macroeconomic environment on which the industry operate. There is either a direct or an indirect impact on the business as the decision-making is influenced (Hillberry and Hummels 2013). The reduction in the coal price has a great impact on the market for coal. All the economies related to the trade and consumption of oil is affected by the change. However, some are in a gaining position while others lose from the situation. Effects of low coal price on the coal importing countries such as Japan and India: Coal is among one of the major global industries where countries all over the world take part in the trade. Thus, changes in the coal price have an impact all over the globe. The countries such as Japan and India imports coal from economies that have a comparative advantage in coal production. As the price of coal falls, the importing countries are at an advantageous position. The nation can purchase the larger amount of coal from the exporters at a given unit of price (Soderbery 2015). The number of quantity increases as the price level decreases. Thus, importing countries such as Japan and India are in a better-off condition as the GDP increases. Effects of low coal price on coal exporting countries such as Australia and Indonesia: The reduction in the price of coal is a major issue for the countries that exports coal to other countries. The fall in the price results in lower GDP as the revenue collected from the trade decreases (Feenstra 2015). Exporting countries, such as Australia and Indonesia are worse-off as they export more amount of coal at given price. The revenue earned for a unit of coal is less when there is a reduction in the coal price. The economic condition of the exporting countries decreases causing adverse economic impacts such as low GDP, per capita income, and low national income. Effects of low coal price on countries having huge coal production and domestic consumption such as USA and China: Countries such as USA and China have the huge amount of coal for its economies and the domestic consumption of coal by the countries are large. A fall in the price level of the coal is beneficial for the economy as the purchasing power of the consumers' increases. Coal being a necessary good supports the aggregate demand to rise. The lower price allows the consumers to obtain more a unit of coal at a lower price. Depending on the demand of coal, a small reduction in the price might lead to huge increase in the demand (Chambers and Hayashi 2014). Thus, these countries are at a beneficial zone as the revenue from the coal market increases causing GDP to rise. Discussion on the winners and losers at industry level due to falling in the coal price Apart from the countries gaining and losing in the coal trade due to a low price of oil, there are also industries and business that either gain or lose from the low coal price. The industries within an economy is at gain when the industry or the business for which coal the direct cost (Hudson 2016). The transport industry, steel industry that depends on coal for fuel is the major gainers. The low input cost helps to reduce the price of the product offered by the company and thereby increases revenue through increased demand. The other industries benefitted from the reduced coal price are the industries that are reliant on the consumer spending. The reduced expenditure on the coal increases the disposable income of the customers and therefore they can spend more on other products. Not all the business in the economy is benefitted from the reduction of coal price. The coal producers and the industries supporting the energy sector suffer from the fall in the share price and low profitability (Cornot-Gandolphe 2013). The industrial companies that supply materials for coal mining also suffer from lower income. Moreover, the higher coal price induced more investment of capital in the coal production. The fall in the price reduced the level of investment. Application of the economic concepts using analytical skills to range the economic issues The exporting economies and the industries supporting coal production are the ones who suffer from the low price level of coal. Therefore, these economies and the industries need to apply strategies that help to manage the situation and reduce the adverse impacts. The strategies include designing, conducting and interpreting the research and the statistical analysis carried out on the operating market. Application of evidence-based approach to address the problem is effective (Levchenko and Zhang 2016). In order to lay audiences, new research findings and complicated ideas regarding coal market has to be communicated. The Proper economic concept of the economic concepts supports effective dealing with the economic issues arising from drastically fall in the price level. The effective application of the economic concepts using the analytical skills helps the mangers to handle the situation of recession and make a concrete plan for the business (Zeng et al. 2015). Conclusion The demand and supply theory infer that even though coal is a necessary commodity of every economy used for the industrial and household purposes, the price of it reduces because it has lesser price elasticity. The law of demand supports the fact as the lower price gives rise to higher demand. From the above study, it is clear that the price is an important factor in the market. The low price level is effective for the importing countries while the exporting countries are at the loss. On the other hand, the fall in the price of coal affects the industries and business in different ways. Business those uses coal as direct cost considers low coal price as blessings and the companies dependent on coal production considers the scenario as a curse. Nonetheless, the economic issues occurring from the low price of coal can be overcome by implementing and following analytical strategies. References Borucke, M., Moore, D., Cranston, G., Gracey, K., Iha, K., Larson, J., Lazarus, E., Morales, J.C., Wackernagel, M. and Galli, A., 2013. Accounting for demand and supply of the biosphere's regenerative capacity: The National Footprint Accounts underlying methodology and framework.Ecological Indicators,24, pp.518-533. Chambers, C.P. and Hayashi, T., 2014. Gains from Trade. Cornot-Gandolphe, S., 2013. Global Coal Trade. From Tightness to Oversupply. Duarte, P.G. and Lima, G.T. eds., 2012.Microfoundations reconsidered: the relationship of micro and macroeconomics in historical perspective. Edward Elgar Publishing. Feenstra, R.C., 2015.Advanced international trade: theory and evidence. Princeton university press. Hillberry, R. and Hummels, D., 2013. Trade elasticity parameters for a computable general equilibrium model.Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling,1, pp.1213-1269. Hudson, M., 2016. The global coal market. Supplying the major fuel for emerging economies, edited by Mark C. Thurber and Richard K. Morse, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015, xx+ 702 pp.; index, US $155 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-1107-09242-6.Environmental Politics,25(4), pp.757-759. Levchenko, A.A. and Zhang, J., 2016. The evolution of comparative advantage: Measurement and welfare implications.Journal of Monetary Economics,78, pp.96-111. Mankiw, N.G., 2014.Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Rios, M.C., McConnell, C.R. and Brue, S.L., 2013.Economics: Principles, problems, and policies. McGraw-Hill. Soderbery, A., 2015. Estimating import supply and demand elasticities: Analysis and implications.Journal of International Economics,96(1), pp.1-17. Zeng, W.M., Liu, D.N., Liu, J.P., Tang, T.Q., Yang, X.G. and Fan, M., 2015. The Mechanism Design to Direct Power-Purchase Transaction Considering Market Supply and Demand. InAdvanced Materials Research(Vol. 1070, pp. 1477-1480). Trans Tech Publications.

The Case of Palmetto Pharmaceuticals

Introduction When examining the case of Palmetto Pharmaceuticals and the decline in client patronage indicated by Andrew Lowerston, it becomes immediately apparent that the problem lies in the way in which sales representatives view the customer-client relations model.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Case of Palmetto Pharmaceuticals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While a primarily sales oriented approach does address the issue of selling products, it fails to sufficiently address the issue of maintaining a constant stream of customers. As such, a method of evaluation must be implemented which shows the sales representatives the impact of their current approach and how it adversely affects the company’s overall sales performance. Suggested Performance Appraisal Program In this particular case, the most appropriate appraisal system to address the issues discovered by Lowerston is to implement a 36 0 degree feedback system. Such a system works by having multiple avenues from where data on employee performance is collected, this comes in the form of employee performance data being collected from managers, coworkers, from the employees themselves and, most importantly, from customers and suppliers (Drew, 2009). Such a method would be an effective means of resolving the issue of the case since it enables customers to provide a certain level of feedback on the way in which they were treated by the company’s sales representatives. By comparing the performance input created by managers and other employees with that of the clients, the company will be able to show the sales representatives the impact of their actions vis-à  -vis the actual performance of the company (Drew, 2009). The advantage of this particular method is that while it will show sales representatives that they are complying with the sales metrics set by the company, it would also indicate that they are actual ly failing when it comes to the broader goals of the company in terms of maintaining a constant stream of consumer patronage for its products (Downs, 2012). As a result, this would necessitate a distinct change in performance on the part of the sales representatives wherein they would be more inclined towards developing long lasting relations with their clients rather than focus on a quick sale for the sake of meeting a metric. Unfortunately, the inherent problem with this particular method of appraisal is the fact that it takes a considerable period of time for an evaluation to be completed (Downs, 2012). For example, feedback forms need to be sent to managers, other employees and to customers at which point they have to be filled out and returned to the company. This can take a considerable amount of time and, in the case of some customers, the forms may not be entirely accurate. Not only that, in some cases the performance indicators that are filled out by managers and employees may not be entirely accurate as well and, as such, this places considerable doubt on the accuracy of this particular approach on performance evaluation.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Based on an analysis of the pros and cons of the 360 degree feedback system as well as its possible use in the case of Palmetto Pharmaceuticals, it can be stated that given the need of the company to evaluate its sales representatives based on the input of consumers, the 360 degree feedback system presents itself as the most viable option in this particular instance. While it may be true that there are some problems related to the time it takes to analyze the data and the issues regarding the overall accuracy of the information collected, such factors are relatively minor compared to the potential benefits accrued. Reference List Downs, L. J. (2012). Integrated talent managemen t: Building a Strategy One Block at a Time. T+D, 66(8), 42. Drew, G. (2009). A â€Å"360† degree view for individual leadership development. Journal Of  Management Development, 28(7), 581-592. This case study on The Case of Palmetto Pharmaceuticals was written and submitted by user Logan Chan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ethnic Nationalism or Civic Nationalism †World History Essay

Ethnic Nationalism or Civic Nationalism – World History Essay Free Online Research Papers Ethnic Nationalism or Civic Nationalism World History Essay Throughout our world, there are many different nations throughout the world with different nationalities. But what is a nationality? What makes each nation different from each other? Nationalism is the feeling of commonality that one has with people from similar backgrounds, ethnicities, and cultures. Nationalism has the power to create entire new states, move borders, and start wars. There are the theories of Civic Nationalism and Ethnic Nationalism. Civic Nationalism is the theory that one belongs to a country based on one’s choice to live there. Ethnic Nationalism is the belief that one can only belong to a nation if one is of the correct blood. The forces of Nationalism were at work greatly throughout the 20th century, both positively and negatively. One of the most negative examples of nationalism this century was the regime of Adolph Hitler in Nazi Germany. Adolph Hitler used a combination of myth, ethnic nationalism, and national pride in his regime of power, which resulted in the deaths of millions of innocent people. Nevertheless, German people felt pride in their nation and in their leader, who was bringing Germany back as a world power. Adolph Hitler used pre-existing nationalist sentiment, pre-existing views on other nationalities, and sheer force to instigate his regime. His Ethnic Nationalist views led both to the extermination of millions as well as his desire to make gains in Europe. The extreme negative forces of Ethnic Nationalism were at work in Germany under Adolph Hitler. Hitler believed in a 19th century German belief known as the Volk, in which Germany surpassed other nations in terms of culture and society and had a duty to dominate. Hitler’s views of Ethnic Nationalism led to the Second World War and resulted in an international conflict. Hitler held the belief that other races in Germany were causing German society to decay. He beliefs that the German Aryan race of blond hair and blue eyes is superior to all others, and he dreams of a European union of Aryans, free of undesirable races. The nations he would like to unite in a union of Aryans in clued Germany, Scandinavia, The Netherlands, and England. This aggressive form of nationalism also led to increased militarism in Germany. In 1938, Austria formed a union with Germany. A large amount of people in Austria were of German â€Å"stock† and spoke the same language. Hitler belie ved that â€Å"those of the same blood belong in the same Reich!† (Holocaust Timeline) Throughout Europe and into Southern Russia, German people had settled. Hitler wished to push east and eventually settle these areas with Aryan people. Nazi Germany’s nationalist ambitions were the major cause behind World War II, and their desire to dominate over inferior races is demonstrated through their invasions of Czechoslovakia and Poland. Not only was nationalism a driving force behind Hitler’s goals once in power, but nationalism was one of the major causes of Hitler’s success in gaining control of Germany. After Germany’s defeat in World War I, German nationalism was dealt a severe blow. Hitler himself was completely devastated by the German loss. He said of when he heard the news, â€Å"Since the day when I had stood at my mother’s grave, I had not wept†¦But not I could not help it. And so it had all been in vain†¦Did all this happen so that a gang of wretched criminals could lay hands on the fatherland.† (From Herder to Hitler) The Nazi party appealed to Germans reeling from their defeat in the First World War, which resulted in massive reparation payments to be made to the allies. The promise of a reborn Germany (the swastika symbolised rebirth) that would be the new great military power on the planet offered promise to many. Hitler promised a better country a nd said that the reason the country had crumbled was because of the non-Germans living and infiltrating German society. Hitler played off pre-existing ideas. At this time in Europe, the Jews were mainly a minority nation without a country of their own to live in. A lot of the Jews did not have much land so turned to education as a means of getting by. Many Jews became lawyers, journalists, doctors, and civil servants. Non-Jews resented the position of Jews in business etc. and the number of them getting an education. Jews were often subject to violent displays of protest in Europe at this time. Hitler played off these pre-existing notions about them and used them as a scapegoat for the nation’s problems. One of the major reasons for Hitler’s popularity was the Great Depression. The Great Depression affected one out of two German people and affected Working and Middle class Germans alike. (Howarth) The points offered by the Nazi party had something for everyo ne and eventually Hitler was elected in 1933. In this way, nationalist forces were in favour of Adolph Hitler and let to his rise to power. At the time, German people were inspired by the promises of a better future of a glorious powerful Germany. Nationalism is a very powerful force, however, and can be used both positively and negatively. When Adolph Hitler used nationalism to gain control of Germany, he did not have positive motives as we would see them today. He wanted to control Germany and establish his Aryan state. Hitler’s beliefs in Ethnic Nationalism had a very dark side to them. Ethnic Nationalism in Nazi Germany led to the extermination of millions of â€Å"inferior† races. This practice has come to be known as ethnic cleansing, creating a nation made up only of those who belong by blood. Hitler held the belief that the German Aryan race of blond hair and blue eyes reigned supreme over all other races. This belief was rooted in the Social Darwinist theories of the earlier century. He believed the mixing of Germans and non-Germans had resulted in the deterioration of German society. This also comes from the Darwinist theory in that mixing of different races results in an inferior breed that has less physical and mental abilities. (Heller to Hitler) Under the Nazi’s â€Å"Law for the Protection of German blood and honour,† Jewish people were designated a different race. The subsequent Nuremberg Laws resulted in the Jews having their civil rights taken aw ay and legally declared separate from Germans. In order to bring about Aryan racial supremacy in Germany, the Germans had millions of Jews sent to concentration camps, where they either had to perform arduous labour for the Germans or were executed by firing squad or the gas chambers. Jews weren’t the only people subjected to Germany’s ethnic cleansing. Germany also deemed gypsies, communists, Slavs, religious minorities, and gays undesirable. During Hitler’s Nazi regime, the numbers of people executed are in the millions. The estimates range from the 10 million mark all the way up to the 26 million mark. (Wikipedia.org) Hitler’s views on racial supremacy, therefore, resulted in one of the largest mass murders in history, and are a horrific example of what the force of nationalism can do. When we look at nationalism in Nazi Germany, we can see a regime that appealed to people’s nationalism and managed to get to power because of it. German people wanted to better themselves and they liked what the Nazis promised, a better future for Germany and a stronger Germany. Adolph Hitler’s ideas for a unified Aryan Europe led to the Second World War, one of the most brutal conflicts in history in which millions of soldiers were killed. His dislike for the Jews and his ideas of German nationalism led to the extermination of millions of Jews, gypsies, gays, and other minorities. The forces of nationalism active in Nazi Germany around the time of the Second World War are an excellent example of how nationalism can inspire people and give them hope, yet cause conflict and horrific acts. Nationalism cannot be called a positive force, even for the German people in this case, as these feelings of nationalism led to a brutal international conflict. Research Papers on Ethnic Nationalism or Civic Nationalism - World History EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Quebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraGenetic EngineeringBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Nueva interpretación de las leyes de deportación en USA

Nueva interpretacià ³n de las leyes de deportacià ³n en USA Si usted o una persona querida est en riesgo de ser deportada puede que esta situacià ³n le cause gran inquietud e, incluso, dolor.   En este artà ­culo usted puede informarse de quià ©nes pueden ser deportados y tambià ©n de cules son los à ºltimos cambios de interpretacià ³n de las leyes   de deportacià ³n, cules son las protecciones para los migrantes, cules estn previstas pero todavà ­a no se aplican y cà ³mo luchar una deportacià ³n y, si finalmente tiene lugar, cules son las consecuencias.   Quà © inmigrantes pueden ser deportados La realidad es que puede ser deportada de los Estados Unidos cualquier persona extranjera que est como indocumentada o que es condenada por ciertos delitos o ha cometido ciertas violaciones migratorias.   Esto quiere decir que en determinadas circunstancias muy concretas incluso los residentes permanentes legales pueden ser deportados. Nueva interpretacià ³n de las leyes de deportacià ³n Despuà ©s de varios aà ±os consecutivos con nà ºmeros muy altos de migrantes deportados, el gobierno dio por cerrado el programa conocido como Comunidades Seguras y ha comenzado a aplicar un sistema de prioridades de deportacià ³n.   Esto hay que entenderlo de la siguiente manera: cualquier persona indocumentada o que cometa una violacià ³n migratoria o un delito que lleva aparejada una deportacià ³n puede ser deportada, pero no todos son prioridad.   Y el gobierno se va a centrar principalmente en esos casos que sà ­ lo son. Adems, se han aprobado una serie de medidas legales que protegen frente a la deportacià ³n a ciertas categorà ­as de indocumentados. Protecciones frente a la deportacià ³n   Destacan tres: En primer lugar, el programa de la Accià ³n Diferida, conocido por sus iniciales en inglà ©s como DACA. Beneficia a muchachos que llegaron a Estados Unidos siendo nià ±os y cumplen otros requisitos de estudios, rà ©cords, etc.   En segundo lugar, el programa de Parole in Place (PIP, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) para indocumentados que son familiares de ciudadanos que sirven en el Ejà ©rcito. Y, finalmente, la igualdad migratoria que se concede a los matrimonios entre dos hombres o dos mujeres   como  la que se da a los de un hombre con una mujer. Esto es asà ­ por una decisià ³n de la Corte Suprema relativa al reconocimiento del matrimonio homosexual. Protecciones pendientes y que no estn en vigor por el momento El gobierno tiene previstas las siguientes protecciones para migrantes indocumentados: DACA extendido, para alcanzar a ms muchachos que el programa que ahora est vigente.Y DAPA, para los paps y mams de ciudadanos americanos. Por el momento estos dos programas no se pueden aplicar y estn pendientes de una resolucià ³n de las Cortes. Mientras se decide a su favor o en su contra los derechos de los padres de los ciudadanos americanos son limitados. Cà ³mo luchar contra un proceso de deportacià ³n Cuando se inicia un trmite de deportacià ³n es importante saber que hay caminos para intentar lucharlo. Y en estos momentos es fundamental considerar contratar a un abogado. Ya que aunque pueden resultar caros, lo cierto es que las estadà ­sticas son muy claras y muestran una gran diferencia de resultados cuando un inmigrante se presenta con abogado que ha estudiado bien el caso y lucha por salvarlo a cuando el migrante se representa por sà ­ mismo.  En estos casos el gobierno nunca paga por el abogado.   Relacionado con este asunto, recordar que no presentarse ante una Corte de inmigracià ³n cuando se tiene una cita puede tener consecuencias muy negativas. Incluso es posible acabar con una orden de deportacià ³n sin saberlo.   Si no es posible acudir el dà ­a y la hora que dice en la carta de citacià ³n, considerar cambiar antes la fecha. Incluso es posible cambiar el estado, si el migrante se ha mudado. Es muy importante entender que la deportacià ³n es un asunto grave y lo mejor es estar informado antes de tomar decisiones que pueden tener consecuencias dolorosas. Consecuencias de la deportacià ³n Si un inmigrante es deportado, hay un castigo y por un tiempo tiene que esperar fuera de Estados Unidos antes de volver a aplicar para poder ingresar de nuevo al paà ­s, aunque en circunstancias muy especiales se puede pedir solicitar un perdà ³n. Adems, es conveniente tener en cuenta que es muy arriesgado ingresar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos, si se ha sido previamente deportado, porque eso es un delito (felony) y tiene consecuencias muy serias.   Quà © hacer En casos de posible deportacià ³n es importante conocer las posibles opciones y asesorarse con un abogado competente que forme parte de Aila, que es la asociacià ³n de abogados de inmigracià ³n de Estados Unidos. Es muy importante evitar fraudes y no caer en las mentiras de personas inescrupulosas que a cambio de dinero prometen resultados que, simplemente, no son posibles segà ºn las leyes actuales.   Por à ºltimo, si se considera que este artà ­culo contiene informacià ³n relevante, por favor, compartir en las redes sociales. Si se desea recibir ms informacià ³n sobre visas, green cards, ciudadanà ­a y dems temas migratorios en Estados Unidos, por favor suscribirse a mi cuenta de Twitter, FB o a la newsletter semanal.   Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Scenario Analysis - Filling you toolbox Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scenario Analysis - Filling you toolbox - Essay Example In the workplace worries scenario illustrated in this paper, I can use the problem solving tool as discussed by Hicks (2010). Hicks discusses that there are seven steps in resolving issues in the workplace. The first step is on identifying the issues – to clearly identify what the problem is, while noting that different people may have different views on what the actual issues are (Hicks, 2010). In applying this step to the current issue, I need to identify the actual issue in this scenario. The way I see it, the issue is about the uneven distribution in workload. The low pay and the heavy workload in the nursing profession is already an identified given in the current health care practice. My role as a manager would now be geared towards using the tools I currently have in order to ensure the effective running of the paediatric care unit. Short of increasing the salary of the nurses and addressing the nationwide nursing shortage problem, the only means left in my arsenal are the solutions which are within my power and authority to effectively and realistically implement. By identifying the problem as improper work distribution in the paediatric unit, I am able to set it apart from the other problems which nurses perceive as their issues. The next step in the problem-solving process is to understand everyone’s interests. These interests are the needs which I would like to satisfy based on any given solution; in some cases, we often get do not take notice of our genuine interests because we have become obsessed or fixated with one particular solution (Hicks, 2010). It is important to note that the best solution which can be applied is one which would satisfy everyone’s individual interests and in order to come up with the best solution, the manager and the subordinates need to actively listen to each other, to put aside their differences, and to find a common ground which would satisfy all their needs (Hicks, 2010). In this case, my

Online shopping Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Online shopping - Research Paper Example mer premise, a major characteristic of online shopping provides a possibility of the transfer of customers shopping travels to a more effective products transportation that at the end has the possibility of producing constructive results on sustainability, use of land as well as mode of travel choices. The fact that online shopping is more popular in big towns and cities means that it will thus act as an incentive for the required changes in these cities that face the most obstacles for logistics (Cairns, 2005). There is a lot of controversy regarding the effects of online shopping on road use and the overall changes in consumers travel habits and the impacts of the changes. Some studies indicate good or desirable effects on road use while others indicate negative results with a final group indicating net neutral results. However, a good number of this research indicate that with the increasing popularity and expansion of online shopping, coupled with the adoption of the necessary changes required then online shopping is going to be the solution for most of the transport challenges we experience in our towns and cities (Cairns, 2005). In spite of transportation policy and regulations, online shopping continues to expand as more and more people accepts the system. Despite the fact that, business to business section dominates online shopping in terms of money value of all the completed transactions, the business to consumer section remains very vital for the possible effects on travel habits, patterns of land use, logistics in cities as well as the effects on sustainability. The highest level of efficiency in the use of roads and other transportation facilities is achievable through restructuring and reorganizing the transportation activities linked to business transactions (Hu and Saleh, 2005). There is the need to find out how the changes in the manner of conducting online shopping will influence the efficiency and the overall contribution towards a more

The Devil Restaurant Essay Example for Free

The Devil Restaurant Essay 1. Executive Summary 1.1 Business Innovation Korean Bibimbap, a new restaurant that is featured by healthy Korean food aims to provide white-collar workers with convenient service and business leisure under the help of e-commerce and efficient management. The main characteristics of Korean Bibimbap is as follows. ââ€"  Korean Bibimbap is set up as a restaurant selling healthy Korean meal sets at an acceptable price. Nowadays white-collar workers are faced with a dilemma on where to have dinner. On the one hand, despite the cheapness of food in staff canteen, some white-collar workers have been fed up with its distastefulness. On the other hand, many white-collar workers also complain that they can’t afford the food in restaurant because of its high price. Combined with high stress and long time of work, such a dilemme now has contributed to many health problems in white-collar workers. Based on the analysis of this situation, Korean Bibimbap will provide healthy Korean food in varied prices and an agreeable environment for white-collar workers to enjoy. ââ€"  Following the trend of e-commerce, Korean Bibimbap will use a electronic system including website and integrated management system for prospect background. Customers can not only come to the real shop for dinner but also place order through the internet. It deserves to be mentioned that online order service is still at its primary stage of development in China. This system will bring as much convenience as possible to consumers and in return expand the business of Korean Bibimbap. 2. Mission and Vission Our first responsibility is to provide every customers healthy food at a fair price as well as the pleasure of eating. We will make sure that every consumer receives a warm welcome on walking in our restaurant. We value employee’s active efforts on bringing health as well as pleasure to customers, and on spreading healthy diet culture to the world. We would like to join hands to advance and retreat as one with the development of our restaurant. By working closely, we can pave the way for a better prospect of our restaurant. 1.3 Food Stucture As its name suggests, at the start-up stage the main food provided in my restaurant is Korean Bibimbap sets, varying in variety and price. Korean Bibimbap will use advanced equipments to prepare and store food material on large scale without affecting the flavor and nutrition of Korean Bibimbap. More over, some special snakes will also be offered as a complement to deversification of food. At the expansion phase, Korean Bibimbap will add more food lines to the menu list. 1.4 Market Analysis The restaurant market is a competitive market with low entry barriers, where new restaurants emerge rapidly and compete with the existing ones. Base on the SWOT analysis, a successful restaurant should have both distinctive food and high quality service at least. Besides, exposure to lage numbers of mobile population also accounts for the success of some famous restaurant. To take all these into consideration, Korean Bibimbap decides to target on white-collar workers in International Trade Center in Beijing. 5. Management The management team mainly comprises five parts: administrative department, marketing department, human resource department, financial department and purchasing department, each of which has its specific responsibilities. Periodically, Korean Bibimbap will have personnel training, especially for these senior managers and gradually establish a comprehensive training system. At the same time, Korean Bibimbap will strengthen and perfect information management system on different levels, so as to facilitate the smooth and efficient operation. 1.6 Financial Planning Total investment for the first year is one million, which comprises 0.7 million from partnerships and 0.3 million of bank loan. At the early stage, Korean Bibimbap has to pay regular interests to investors every month. At the second year, Korean Bibimbap will have paid off all the debts and continue to operate the business with acculmulated capital. 7. Risk Analysis Major problems may come from the potential pandemic outbreak, some irresistible natural factors, external large-scale maligant competition, management risk, financial risk and policy risk. In order to minimize the negative effects of potential problems and risks, Korean Bibimbap will have special training on relevent staff to improve their ability to predict and evade risks. 1.8 Conclusion In short, Korean Bibimbap is a restaurant combined with healthy food and advanced management, targeting on the white-collar workers. With the joint efforts of all staff, Korean Bibimbap will have a good market prospect and further development in the future. 2. Business Description 1. General Descriprion of the Business Korean Bibimbap is a new restaurant featured by health and convenience, aiming to provide white-collar workers with convenient service and business leisure under the help of e-commerce and efficient management. ââ€"  Target Consumers More often than not, white collar workers is more likely to eat out. For modern white-collar workers, they lay more emphasis on both convenience and nutrition. At the same time, they are also curious about exotic flavour and attach importance to deliciousness of food. They also don’t have too much economic problem, so medium priced Korean Bibimbap will not make them hesitate too much. ââ€"  Site Selection Because the target customers of Korean Bibimbap are white-collar workers, the location is finally decided as International Trade Center, which is known as one of the biggest office building areas. ââ€"  High Quality Services All the staff have to be energetic and enthusiastic young people, who will have united training course about providing good service and should be interested in, if not familiar with, Bibimbap culture. Various characteristic services will be offered from the customers entering Korean Bibimbap till their departure. Furthermore, Korean Bibimbap will provide convenient online reservation and take-away services. 2. Industry Background As a traditional industry, the restaurant industry has played important roles in the economic development. In the long term, the strong growth of restaurant industry will continue. There are two major reasons as follows: ââ€"  Although There are many restaurants in Beijing, the amount of people eating out is still a small proportion of the total population. With the further development of economy, there will be still great potential for new restaurant to win decent profits. ââ€"  From the perspective of demand, people will attach more importance to diversified, healthy and quality food. These demend will contribute to the further development of the restaurant industry. In coclusion, the restaurant market is a competitive market with low entry barriers, where new restaurants emerge rapidly and compete with the existing ones. However, there is still great space for new restaurants as long as operators make efforts to establish their own features and improve the quality of service. 3. Goals and Potential ââ€"  Vission To bring health and happiness to the world. ââ€"  Mission To bring health by providing delicious food; To bring happiness by providing better services. ââ€"  Core values Healthy Delicacy Our first responsibility is to provide every customers healthy food at a fair price as well as the pleasure of eating. Consumers First We will make sure that every consumer receives a warm welcome on walking in our restaurant. We measure our work against how much satisfaction our consumers get from our services. The satisfactory smile of customers will be our best encouragement forward. Enthusiasm and Dedication It is the enthusiasm and dedication of our employees that keeps our restaurant going and expanding. We value employee’s active efforts on bringing health as well as pleasure to customers, and on spreading healthy diet culture to the world. Teamwork We would like to join hands to advance and retreat as one with the development of our restaurant. By working closely, we can pave the way for a better prospect of our restaurant. 4. Uniqueness of Product The distinctive food of Korean Bibimbap is featured by its nutrition and convenience. On the one hand, Bibimbap is nutritious food with low calories, for the main ingredients of Bibimbap are various vegetables. Compared to KFC and other kind of cuisines, Bibimbap lays more emphasis on nutrition and health. According to latest study, Korean chilli paste can stimulate the palate of people and in some sense improve the immunity of people. On the other hand, Bibimbap is also a delicious and convenient food to be offered at a short time. While operating the business, we will prepare some ingredient in large numer beforehand and use special equipment to store them. As Korean Bibimbap becomes stronger, more food series will be added, like Korean barbecue, to the menu of restaurant.

Radical Views of Defoe Exposed in Moll Flanders Essay -- Moll Flanders

Radical Views of Defoe Exposed in Moll Flanders      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Daniel Defoe is a proponent of the unorthodox in his novel Moll Flanders in which he shapes many aspects of Moll's life after those of his own.   The concepts he puts forth in the work are radically different from beliefs customary to seventeenth century England.   Appealing to and championing the common man, Defoe constructs an iconoclastic piece that praises a common woman.    In spite of gender differences, Moll mirrors Defoe's life.   Defoe draws on his past, when he served time in debtors' prison after his business as a merchant failed.   He traveled to cities where he would become free from his creditors (Monarch Notes).   It is from these experiences that he begins Moll's adventure to survive.   After Moll's second husband, like Defoe, is arrested, Moll takes refuge in the Mint, for if the commissioners were to have been informed where [she] was, [she] should have been fetched up and all [she] had saved be taken away (Defoe 44).  Ã‚      Defoe uses his beliefs on morality, unusual for a man of his time, as a m...

The Geographical Position of Great Britain

The Geographical Position of Great Britain There are two large islands and several smaller ones, which lie in the north-west coast of Europe. Collectively they are known as the British Isles. The largest island is called Great Britain. The smaller one is called Ireland. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel. The country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Great Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the North Sea, and from Ireland – by the Irish Sea.In the British Isles there are two states. One of them governs of the most of the island of Ireland. This state is usually called the Republic of Ireland. The other state has authority over the rest of the territory. The official name of this country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is usually known by a shorter name – â€Å"The United Kingdom†. The total area of Great Britain is 244,000 square km. They say that the British love of compromise is the result of the country's physical geography.This may or may not be true, but it certainly true that the land and climate in Great Britain have a notable lack of extremes. The mountains in the country are not very high. It doesn't usually get very cold in the winter or very not in the summer. It has no active volcanoes, and an earth tremors which does no more than rattle teacups in a few houses which is reported in the national news media. The insular geographical position of Great Britain promoted the development of shipbuilding, different training contacts with other countries.The Geographical Position of Great Britain There are two large islands and several smaller ones, which lie in the north-west coast of Europe. Collectively they are known as the British Isles. The largest island is called Great Britain. The smaller one is called Ireland. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel. The country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Oc ean. Great Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the North Sea, and from Ireland – by the Irish Sea.In the British Isles there are two states. One of them governs of the most of the island of Ireland. This state is usually called the Republic of Ireland. The other state has authority over the rest of the territory. The official name of this country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is usually known by a shorter name – â€Å"The United Kingdom†. The total area of Great Britain is 244,000 square km. They say that the British love of compromise is the result of the country's physical geography.This may or may not be true, but it certainly true that the land and climate in Great Britain have a notable lack of extremes. The mountains in the country are not very high. It doesn't usually get very cold in the winter or very not in the summer. It has no active volcanoes, and an earth tremors which does no more than rattle teac ups in a few houses which is reported in the national news media. The insular geographical position of Great Britain promoted the development of shipbuilding, different training contacts with other countries.

Dtlls †Enabling Learning and Assessment Essay

Coursework 1 – Reflective Account of Peer Assessment Activity Within this piece of work I will be reflecting on an assessment activity used by a peer whilst I was observing their lesson for A-level psychology. The learners were all aged 17-19 and the lesson was on theories of depression and was a revision session for learners before their exams the following month. The assessment activity was an informal formative assessment where the students were placed into groups of two or three learners and were then given an area of the subject matter, the learners then had to create revision notes as a group on a piece of flipchart paper using their own notes and text books. The learners were then given 15 minutes to revise these notes, once this time was up the tutor then asked the learners to all find a new partner and then teach their revised notes to their peer. The ‘tutor’ peer would try to give all their key notes without looking at the flipchart, but some learners we re allowed when they got stuck on certain points. The ‘student’ peer would have to take written notes to aid with their revision. The learners would then swap in their pairs and the roles would be reversed, after both learners had shared their revision notes they would then swap again to find a new learner to pair with, this process continued until all learners had a full set of revision notes for the subject. Brown et al on the subject of assessment ‘validity’ state ‘It is often described as the match between what is intended to be measured and what is measured.’ (Brown et al., 1997, p.239). I believe this activity was very valid as it allowed the tutor to assess the notes the learners would be revising from for a summative exam in the future. The aims of this assessment were explained in full detail and the learners understood what was expected of them from this activity. The point of the activity was for peer learning to take place to aid revision in the subject of theories of depression; this was definitely achieved by the end of the lesson as every learner had a full set of revision notes on each aspect of the subject confirming the validity of the assessment. The students were in charge of creating their own notes in each group and then passing these notes onto their peers, this does cause some reliability issues as with all learners some students may have put more effort into their revision notes than others. Therefore you may get a learner who has put as much information into his or hers notes as possible giving a vast amount of knowledge on a certain area of the subject and they may then  receive from a peer basic knowledge of another area of the subject. Reece and Walker talk of ‘reliability’ as ‘the ability of a test to consistently measure what it is supposed to measure.’ (Reece and Walker, 2007, p.348), I believe this method of assessment does not consistently measure but the tutor did circulate the classroom at all times aiding learners if they were finding it hard to put key points down on paper. This method does however aid differentiation as less able learners were given the chance to gain knowledge of the subject from more able learners. The more able learners also had the chance to practice and develop their subject knowledge aiding revision in the class. Word Count: 520 References Brown, G., Bull, J. and Pendlebury, M. (1997) Assessing Students Learning in Higher Education. Oxon, p.239. Reece, I. and Walker, S. (2007) Teaching, Training and Learning: A Practical Guide. 6th ed. Sunderland: Business Education Publishers Ltd, p.321. Coursework 2 – Assessment Information within own Organisation Assessment information within my own organisation is recorded from the beginning of a learner joining the college. Every potential student as part of the interview stage takes part in a minimum core assessment; this is a basic screening test to assess the student’s literacy and numeracy skills. This initial assessment allows us to correctly place the learner on the right level of course. These results are placed in the college database, following the enrolment of each learner the minimum core results form a group differentiation profile for each class; put together by the course leader. This profile is used by the tutor so they can differentiate learning tasks and understand individual learner’s needs from the very beginning. Once the course commences formative assessments are created by the tutor and used in each lesson. Each learner receives feedback from these assessments and if needed, targets can be set so the learner is clear on what is expected of them. Validity and reliability of assessments used during a course are checked at regular standardisation meetings within curriculum teams, these take place to sample marking of formative and summative theory assessments. Allowing tutors to internally verify samples of learners work so all tutors  in the department are consistent in their marking. Reece and Walker explain ‘validity’ as ‘how well the test measures what it is supposed to measure† (Reece and Walker, 2007, p.321). Within these meetings the team will also evaluate and create formative and summative assessments for future use; a chance to share good practice. The meetings are also used to discuss practical assessments as different tutors can have differing views on as sessment criteria; this aids the reliability of the assessments. Summative assessments are entered on a standardised tracking document which every tutor in the department can access. Updating this tracking document then enables each tutor or the head of department to see the progress of every learner helping to identify any ‘at risk’ students who may need more attention or end up not completing the course. This document is shared with the learners; they can see what still needs to be achieved to gain their qualification and how far they have come in terms of progression, this aids motivation in the classroom and also a sense of achievement to see how much they have already completed. The learners have logbooks provided by the awarding body VTCT, this is where tutors record all practical summative assessment and sign off to say they have met the criteria set by VTCT. The logbook is used by the learner to build a portfolio of consultations forms and photographs from practical’s, written assignments and any online tests the learner has to complete during the course. The college also uses Pro-Monitor a computerised package which tutors can record individual learner progress and set targets for learners to achieve by a certain time. Learners can access Pro-Monitor and input individual targets they wish to achieve, it can also show them graphs and visual aids on how much of their qualification they have achieved, this is brilliant for more visual learners who may find written feedback harder to understand. These different ways of recording assessment information are vital in enabling tutors to identify when students are falling behind and planning for future development, a side effect of not using these implements could be learners nearing the end of their course without completing assessments that are mandatory. References Reece, I. and Walker, S. (2007) Teaching, Training and Learning- a Practical Guide. 6th ed. Sunderland: Business Edition Publishers, p.321. Coursework 3 – Evaluation of Assessment Activities Assessment is defined by Gravells and Simpson as ‘a measure of learning, at a given point in time. Relevant skills, knowledge and/or attitudes can be measured towards a subject or qualification.’ (Gravells and Simpson, 2008). There are three main types of assessment; initial, formative and summative; these types of assessment can then be informal in the way of crosswords, gapped hand-outs, quizzes, discussions and journals or they can be formal in the way of exams, assignments, tests and observations. Formative assessment, used properly, is such an integral part of the teaching and learning process that it could be argued that it shouldn’t even be called assessment. When we consider teaching and learning methods, many of them – questioning, case studies, and projects – are also assessment methods used as learning checks. Scales states ‘Assessment for learning is based on the belief that everyone can learn and formative assessment is a key strat egy to help learners improve and develop’ (Scales, 2010) With this in mind the first assessment activity to be evaluated is a crossword used as an informal summative assessment. Crosswords are a simple and easy way of assessing learner’s knowledge during a unit. Crosswords can be uploaded to the college interactive website ‘cloud’, learners can then download the activity as a form of homework or as an extension task during directed studies. These can then be handed in to the tutor for marking. A more effective method is to use a crossword as learning check during a lesson; once the learners have completed the crossword they can then discuss as a group the answers. The tutor can also use extended questioning, asking more able learners to explain in more depth an answer to help aid differentiation. Feedback from learners suggests that crosswords are a challenging way of testing knowledge and encourages the learners to look at subject matter in different ways without having to sit tests all the time, which can be very daunting for certain learners. Something gained from feedback from a group of level 1’s, is that because a majority of the learners have learning needs which affects their literacy; they find the crossword in itself challenging to complete. To overcome this it has been noted that providing learners with a word bank of key words for each unit has helped in completing such tasks as  crosswords, as the learner still needs to know which word they are looking for but aids in developing their spelling for the future. Feedback is the most important part of formative assessment; research suggests that immediate oral feedback is the most effective, whether this is done by one on ones or as a group discussion. The feedback provided should be developmental and make the learners extend their thinking and learning to a higher level and should also focus on positive points first before moving onto more ‘developmental’ area’s for the learner to consider. By conducting formative assessment it can ensure that the teacher gains a full understanding of the learners existing capabilities so that realistic goals can then be set and additional support if needed can be organised. With this feedback individual targets can then be created for each learner and placed on the college Pro-Monitor system where the learners can access their targets as and when needed to see how they are developing in the course. Learners are also encouraged to create their own personal targets on Pro-Monitor, using feedback from formative assessments it allows learners to realise key strengths and weaknesses to help in creating these targets. The use of this feedback is very much like the idea of ‘scaffolding’, Bruner (Wood et al., 1976) coined this term in the 1950’s and believed using a more knowledgeable other to challenge the learner to achieve more by providing ‘scaffolding’ to help them climb to higher levels. Learners in dialogue with teachers can see where they want to reach but initially may need help in the form of questions, prompts and pointers to get there. Summative assessment is the assessment of learning and it leads to the gaining of qualifications and grades. Weeden suggests ‘Summative assessment is a snapshot judgement that records what a learner can do at a particular time.’ (Weeden et al., 2002, p.19) This process of qualification is important for learners and it is good to keep in mind the emotional aspects and design of assessment in relation to validity and reliability. With this in mind the second assessment activity to be evaluated is a practical observation used as a formal summative assessment. Practical observations are used throughout all 3 NVQ levels in beauty therapy as the subject is extremely vocationally based. Beauty therapy NVQ’s are broken down into units, for each unit there will be practical assessments that have to be completed at the end of the unit, where the learner is observed and assessed by the teacher. VTCT are  the awarding body for the beauty therapy NVQ’s and they set out the practical assessment criteria for each unit, this criteria is printed in the learners logbooks which is where each assessment is signed off if a pass has been achieved. To aid the reliability of the practical assessments all beauty lecturers at the college come together at standardisation meetings where the criteria is discussed in detail and a learner marking sheet is created which includes each of the areas the learner has to meet to gain a pass in the assessment. If this was not done each teacher could interpret the assessment criteria in different ways therefore learners would not be assessed fairly and reliably. Petty states ‘the same examiner should give the same mark if they unknowingly mark a script twice on different days’ (Petty, 2009), using standardisation this means that even with practical based assessments the results should always be the same. To help learners during practical assessments learning outcomes are written on the whiteboard to highlight key points they will need to show competency in or do to achieve a pass in the assessment. During the observation the teacher will also ask questions to the learners to help achieve the unit criteria, this is also where differentiation of the learners can take place as more able learners will be asked more open-ended and higher order questions then less able learners who will be asked standard criteria questions. The use of cameras in practical assessments is something that is still fairly new and is being experimented with but does seem to show some success. As part of the observation learners have to keep their working area clean and tidy and show due regard for health and safety, the teacher can now take pictures of each learners working area before the assessment takes place and then at the commencement of the assessment. With regards to practical assessments like nail art, make-up and face painting the finished article can also be documented by a photo that the learner can then be used in their own portfolio to be sent to the awarding body. From these pictures the teacher can then feedback to the learner at the end of the assessment any positive points of the practical and also any areas that the learner would need to further develop, the learner can then have these pictures as a visual aid to understand how they can improve for the next assessment and also works as a good revision aid for the future. Another approach to embrace ICT in assessments is to video learners assessments so they can themselves evaluate  and feedback on client care and professionalism during their observation. It has been noted that using cameras in practical observations has been received well by the learners, they have commented that it brings a new dimension to receiving feedback and allows them to visualise areas they need to focus on improving and reinforces the assessment criteria for them too. Feedback from practical observation is given individually immediately after the learners assessment, feedback is given verbally with key points both positive and ones for development are written on the bottom of the consultation form the learner completed during the assessment (these consultation forms also go into the learners portfolio). Practical assessments can leave a lot to interpretation by the teacher so it is important the practical marking sheet is filled in during the observations and a pass or fail is determined by how many of the boxes the learner showed competence in, depending on which level the learner is currently studying determines the number of criteria they need to meet. Learners can feel very nervous and daunted by practical assessments at the beginning of the year as it the proverbial ‘unknown’, formative practical assessments do help to calm learners worries as they are a ‘trial run’ of the summative assessment, also setting out some time to explain and discuss the unit assessment criteria and what will be expected of them from this. During the practical observations themselves the use of cameras also seems to help learners forget the formalness of the observation and relax into the assessment. In conclusion all assessment methods should be a positive contribution to learning and good assessment activities are important to aiding teaching. However assessments are only worthwhile if they assist the learner and teacher to move through the learning outcomes of the unit, otherwise it is irrelevant. Designing assessment activities which stretch the learner’s abilities and promotes their development is a skill that comes with experience and understanding of the current learners on your course and it is definitely something that will always be tweaked and changed throughout your career. Word Count: 1,594 References Gravells, A. and Simpson, S. (2008) Planning and enabling Learning in the Lifelonf Learning Sector. Exeter: Learning matters, p.50. Petty, G. (2009) Teaching Today – A practical guide. 4th ed. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. Scales, P. (2010) Teaching in the Lifelong Learning Sector. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education, p.180. Weeden, P., Winter, J. and Broadfoot, P. (2002) Assessment: What’s in it for schools?. London: Routledge Falmer, p.19. Wood, D., Bruner, J. and Ross, G. (1976) The role of tutoring in problem solving. In: Journal of child psychology and psychiatry., pp.89-100.

How To Create Your Best Counter-Argument

How To Create Your Best Counter-Argument Counter Argument Writing Tips One of the best assignments in your students’ time is writing a counter-argument. Why you may ask? Such a task will make any student not only improve his writing skills but also his thinking. This skill will remain with you all during your life and will be very helpful for your future career. This type of assignment will help make your own arguments even stronger. You will be able to participate in any argument and prove your point of view. When you address the counter-argument in your argumentative essay, you exponentially sublimate your essay. Your writing will be more mature, academic, and developed. You show your high-level thinking when you develop the counter-argument to the toughest point of view. It’s really essential to build a strong case and provide the relevant evidence; and to reach this, you have to be aware of the counter argument within your essay. If your essay is written with no regard to the really obvious counter-argument, it is poor. Instead, when you’re able to create a sound counter-argument, it will influence positively your personal life. Master this skill – and you will be able to see other people’s perspective even if someone’s opinion is different from yours. Thanks to that skill, you will become an emotionally intelligent and compassionate person. What Is a Counter Argument? Almost every essay contains an argumentative aspect. As a rule, students provide a thesis and search for arguing in favor of their thesis. Your task is to provide the details, facts, and some research supporting the thesis to show why it is correct. According to Harvey, when you provide a counter-argument in your essay, you show your confidence. When someone has a skeptical attitude, placing a counter argument helps you predict all the objections your reader might have and be ready for them. You present yourself as a person who considers all the alternatives before arguing for one point of view. It means that you don’t avoid difficulties, but confront them, and all this makes you interesting to a reader. The counter-argument has to disagree with your thesis and is the most obvious point of your essay. For that reason, it has to be worth addressing. So including it to your writing would be a good choice while your teacher would appreciate it if you are able to recognize the points of view which disagree with yours. A solid counterargument is built via three steps: A student raises an objection against his argument. A student expands on the position of the objection and then rejects it. A student reaffirms why his position was correct originally. The aim of the counter-argument is to convince other people successfully. However, there is no sense to address an argument no one agrees with. When providing your counter-argument, the reader has to reflect that this is really true and become interested in how you are going to refute it. Imagine how this works in court – â€Å"objection, your honor† – and the judge gives you few seconds to provide a reason for your objection, and it’s very important, while someone’s fate depends on it. So the counter-argument in your essay has to be as strong as in court. Steps for Writing a Counter-Argument Think of the three most obvious objections to your point of view and write them down. Think which of them is the weakest and which the strongest one. Then you have to select the most convincing objection and use it in your essay as the counter-argument. Choose a transitional word/phrase and offer an issue with your argument. For example, someone draws a different conclusion. You can propose a better, alternative solution, for instance. Develop your counter-argument. Now write some more sentences and explain why people have to believe your objection, give some daily-life examples. Now use a transitional word/phrase to get back to your thesis and show that this counter-argument is not valid. Give explanations, it is very important. Reaffirm your thesis more precisely. It’s crucial to do the thesis in a way that makes it more precise and stronger. You have to keep in mind an average reader, persuade him deeply. Let’s Start a Counter Argument From the very beginning, your counter argument should slip into your essay. So it’s crucial to use proper transitional words and phrases. This way, you will show your reader that you are able to deviate from the main path in your essay and get back to it in a while. In order to make your counter argument look properly, you shouldn’t sound upset, but your reader has to be redirected from the main argument’s idea. In this case, transition words are crucial for starting your counter-argument. Transition Words The success of your counter argument and your essay in total depends on the transition words you use. A transitional phrase has to be strong to help your reader understand your line of thinking and understand it well. And, of course, your mark will be much higher. Examples of transition words â€Å"Admittedly†¦ (state objection)† â€Å"On the one hand, some experts argue that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Conversely, some argue that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Some might object, claiming†¦Ã¢â‚¬  You can also use some questions, as: â€Å"Nonetheless, why†¦?† â€Å"However, does that†¦?† Try different combinations until you feel comfortable with them. Counter Argument Rebuttal One of the most pleasant parts of the essay is a counter-argument rebuttal. In this part, you discuss why you are right and why your counter argument is wrong, also, you show why your thesis is surpassing. This rebuttal should convince your reader that your thesis is correct and that overall counter argument is absolutely wrong. The best examples of the counter argument essays will show you how to refute properly. The more solid the rebuttal is, the more integral is your argument. Some very confident students can address how some parts of the counter argument provided are valid, however, that this validity doesn’t matter at all, for example, if they are irrelevant, or if they don’t address certain groundwork of the topic. The aim of the rebuttal is to show how the counter-argument isn’t consequent to the entire correctness of your thesis. It’s not necessary to follow a structure in your rebuttal paragraph; however, it might be very helpful. A more concrete structure is more comfortable for many students: Create an opening sentence that is strong and sums up the core of the argument you object. Admit the claims’ validity. Choose the transition to link it to a strong topic sentence, which clearly asserts why the counter-argument is completely wrong. Support the topic sentence with the experts’ research in the form of quotation or even paraphrase. Explain or expand the evidence of the expert, as well as its importance and significance. Provide some example from current events or even history to support your position and make your rebuttal stronger. A concluding sentence has to illustrate how exactly counter-argument fails and shows that the main argument was superior. Examples of Counter Argument Homeschooling On the one hand, some experts in child development claim that homeschooling has multiple benefits. It is one of the best options for too sensitive or creative children, for those who can’t succeed in traditional school. Besides, children who are trying to reach professional goals, such as athletes or musicians very often can’t attend school and homeschooling is the only alternative for them. Homeschooling allows adjusting the curriculum to the needs of the kid so the kid is able to succeed. Rebuttal Example Conversely, some argue that homeschooling might have some advantages, such as more attention on the student or more personalized lessons. However, those obvious â€Å"benefits† are liabilities to the development of a child. A unique environment offered by the traditional school forces a child to cope with the challenges, such as mean teachers, bullying, embarrassment, teasing, etc. The traditional school provides various unpleasant experiences. On the other hand, these experiences make the child develop and become stronger. Every successful person becomes successful only through competing against worthy opponents.   School environment stimulates students to overcome obstacles and improve themselves. According to Dalien, the traditional school prepares children for the real world by making them interact with different people. During lessons, children learn to work in groups and negotiate the world without parents supervising or intervening them. Homeschooling isn’t abl e to provide children with social skills which are so important for them to enter the world of adults. Drinking Age Nonetheless, why a young person can drive at 15 and go to the army at 18? Does it make sense that a person can drive all over the country, lose his or her life for the country, and still can’t order a glass of beer in a bar? America’s European neighbors raise their children with a less serious approach to alcohol. This makes the United States look too puritanical and old-fashioned. It makes the impression that America is raising young people who have an unhealthy attitude toward alcohol. Rebuttal Example Admittedly, the drinking age in America is higher than in other countries of the world, and there are certain reasons for that. The American nation has always been individual and not concerned about what other nations were doing. According to statistics, children usually manage to access alcohol drinks at an inappropriate age. Parents believe that a lowered drinking age would cause alcohol abuse among teenagers, and this concern is very essential. In the case the legal age to buy a drink is lowered, teenagers all across the country will drink and even over-drink. This is about human psychology. Moreover, it is necessary to know that 21 is not the random age chosen by Congress. The reason was that the number of young people killed annually in car accidents was twice higher before the 21 law was enacted in 1984. By the end of 2005, the selected drinking age saved about 25,000 lives in America, according to Dean-Mooney, 2008. Nothing can be more important than saving young lives. Thus, other laws related to age or what other nations think of us do not matter. Only keeping young people safe from those substances they can’t cope with because they are not wise enough to use them is important. Conclusion Creating a counter argument and refuting it gives you a chance to show your teacher your critical thinking abilities, and how you actually worked on your essay from different points of view. You show yourself as a refined student when admitting the validity of people who have a viewpoint different from your own. You can prove that you understand how your opponents think. And it is the quality of an experienced writer. Ability to add a counter argument and refute it makes you a better person, while you can consider things from others’ viewpoint. As a student, you should give counterargument and rebuttal examples until you are able to write your own ones. It will help you develop your critical thinking skills as well as emotional intelligence.

Mayan Civilization City of Copan, Honduras

Mayan Civilization City of Copan, Honduras Copn, called Xukpi by its residents, rises out of the mist of western Honduras, in a pocket of alluvial soil amid rugged topography. It is arguably one of the most important royal sites of the Maya civilization. Occupied between AD 400 and 800, Copn covers over 50 acres of temples, altars, stelae, ball courts, several plazas and the magnificent Hieroglyphic Stairway. The culture of Copn was rich in written documentation, today including detailed sculptural inscriptions, which is very rare in precolumbian sites. Sadly, many of the booksand there were books written by the Maya, called codiceswere destroyed by the priests of the Spanish invasion. Explorers of Copn The reason we know so much of the inhabitants of the site of Copn is the result of five hundred years of exploration and study, beginning with Diego Garcà ­a de Palacio who visited the site in 1576. During the late 1830s, John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood explored Copn, and their descriptions, and particularly Catherwoods illustrations, are still used today to better study the ruins. Stephens was a 30-year-old attorney and politician when a doctor suggested he take some time off to rest his voice from speech making. He made good use of his vacation, touring around the globe and writing books about his travels. One of his books, Incidents of Travel in Yucatan, was published in 1843 with detailed drawings of the ruins at Copn, made by Catherwood with a camera lucida. These drawings captured the imaginations of scholars the world over; in the 1880s, Alfred Maudslay started the first excavations there, funded by Harvards Peabody Museum. Since that time, many of the best archaeologists of our time have worked at Copn, including Sylvanus Morley, Gordon Willey, William Sanders and David Webster, William and Barbara Fash, and many others. Translating Copan Work by Linda Schele and others has concentrated on translating the written language, which efforts have resulted in the recreation of the dynastic history of the site. Sixteen rulers ran Copn between 426 and 820 AD. Probably the most well-known of the rulers at Copn was 18 Rabbit, the 13th ruler, under whom Copn reached its height. While the level of control held by the rulers of Copn over the surrounding regions is debated among Mayanists, there can be no doubt that the people were aware of the populations at Teotihuacan, over 1,200 kilometers away. Trade items found at the site include jade, marine shell, pottery, sting-ray spines and some small amounts of gold, brought from as far away as Costa Rica or perhaps even Colombia. Obsidian from Ixtepeque quarries in eastern Guatemala is abundant; and some argument has been made for the importance of Copn as a result of its location, on the far eastern frontier of Maya society. Daily Life at Copan Like all of the Maya, the people of Copn were agriculturalists, growing seed crops such as beans and corn, and root crops such as manioc and xanthosoma. Maya villages consisted of multiple buildings around a common plaza, and in the early centuries of the Maya civilizations these villages were self-supporting with a relatively high standard of living. Some researchers argue that the addition of the elite class, as at Copn, resulted in the impoverishment of the commoners. Copn and the Maya Collapse Much has been made of the so-called Maya collapse, which occurred in the 9th century AD and resulted in the abandonment of the big central cities like Copn. But, recent research has shown that as Copn was being depopulated, sites in the Puuc Region such as Uxmal and Labina, as well as Chichen Itza were gaining population. David Webster argues that the collapse was merely a collapse of the ruling elites, probably as a reuslt of internal conflict, and that only the elite residences were abandoned, and not the entire city. Good, intensive archaeological work continues at Copn, and as a result, we have a rich history of the people and their times. Sources This glossary entry is part of the Guide to the Maya Civilization and the Dictionary of Archaeology. A brief bibliography has been assembled and a page detailing the Rulers of Copn is also available. The following is a brief bibliography of the archaeological literature related to the study of Copn. For more information about the site, see the glossary entry for Copn; for more information about the Maya Civilization in general, see the About.com Guide to the Maya Civilization. Bibliography for Copn Andrews, E. Wyllys and William L. Fash (eds.) 2005. Copan: The History of a Maya Kingdom. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe. Bell, Ellen E. 2003. Understanding Early Classic Copan. University Museum Publications, New York. Braswell, Geoffrey E. 1992 Obsidian-hydration dating, the Coner phase, and revisionist chronology at Copan, Honduras. Latin American Antiquity 3:130-147. Chincilla Mazariegos, Oswaldo 1998 Archaeology and nationalism in Guatemala at the time of independence. Antiquity 72:376-386. Clark, Sharri, et al. 1997 Museums and Indigenous Cultures: The power of local knowledge. Cultural Survival Quarterly Spring 36-51. Fash, William L. and Barbara W. Fash. 1993 Scribes, Warriors, and Kings: The City of Copan and the Ancient Maya. Thames and Hudson, London. Manahan, T. K. 2004 The Way Things Fall Apart: Social organization and the Classic Maya collapse of Copan. Ancient Mesoamerica 15:107-126. Morley, Sylvanus. 1999. Inscriptions at Copan. Martino Press. Newsome, Elizabeth A. 2001. Trees of Paradise and Pillars of the World: The Serial Stelae Cycle of 18-Rabbit-God K, King of Copan. University of Texas Press, Austin. Webster, David 1999 The archaeology of Copan, Honduras. Journal of Archaeological Research 7(1):1-53. Webster, David 2001 Copan (Copan, Honduras). Pages 169-176 in Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America. Garland Publishing, New York. Webster, David L. 2000. Copan: The Rise and Fall of a Classic Maya Kingdom. Webster, David, AnnCorinne Freter, and David Rue 1993 The obsidian hydration dating project at Copan: A regional approach and why it works. Latin American Antiquity 4:303-324. This bibliography is part of the Guide to the Maya Civilization.

Michael E. Porter devised theoretical frameworks for analysing both an Essay

Michael E. Porter devised theoretical frameworks for analysing both an organisation's external environment (the Five Forces Mo - Essay Example Moreover, they allow companies to understand the issues or challenges in the environment, supporting them in looking into appropriate solutions (Abuawad, 2013). For this paper, we will be analysing McDonalds through these models in order to understand how the two help in developing a successful strategy for the company. Five forces Model Five forces model of Michael Porter is based on the theory that every external environment for a business could be judged based on five primary forces or dimensions. These dimensions are Threat of competition/Rivalry among firms, Threat of new entrants, Threat of substitutes, Bargaining power of suppliers and Bargaining power of buyers. The company essentially need to understand the external environment surrounding them in each country, city or town they function. This is crucial for formulating a winning strategy given the McDonalds is a franchise being run worldwide (Abuawad, 2013). Rivalry among firms/Threat of competition Since McDonald's operate s in the fast food industry, therefore, it faces an intense competition worldwide. the Fast Food industry has experienced a massive growth in just a couple of years. Thus the industry is highly competitive and McDonalds faces the threat of competition. ... Major competitors are Burger King and the Yum Brand Inc. So, McDonalds experiences intense rivalry within the fast food industry (Aydrose, 2012). Threat of new entrants The fast food industry has no particular regulatory limit of the number of firms to be allowed to enter and is in fact quite a profitable industry. The startup costs for this industry are low, thus making it simpler for new entrants to start up fast food restaurants. Although, the industry has well-known market leaders who possess majority of the market share. These market giants are McDonalds, Burger King and Wendy's which using their power could hinder the new entrants from introducing their business in this industry. This makes the threat of new firms entering the industry to be moderate (Abuawad, 2013; Aydrose, 2012). Threat of substitutes Numerous substitutes exist of McDonalds' product offerings. For breakfast menu, the substitutes include the cheaper diners providing breakfast, or coffee houses like Gloria Jean s. Moreover, for meals like burgers, substitutes include the burgers of Wendy's, KFC, Burger King and small diners or restaurants. For beverages like coffee and milkshakes, again diners, coffee houses and beverage companies provide substitutes for McDonald's beverages. So the threat from substitutes is quite high for the company (Aydrose, 2012). Bargaining power of suppliers Since McDonald's is globally the largest fast food chain operating in terms of sales, therefore, it has bargaining power over its suppliers. The suppliers bargaining power thus is low, leading to lower costs and ability to charge competitive prices. So McDonald's do not face the threat of being forced to buy costly raw material since

Psp go Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Psp go - Essay Example According to Joseph Schumpeter (Schumpeter), an entrepreneur may innovate in the form of new products, new production methods, new markets or new forms of organization. However, entrepreneurship does not just involve owning a small business. Firstly, there has to be some innovation. Secondly, entrepreneurs take much bigger risk and the gains are much higher. However, not all entrepreneurial ventures may be successful. The success of the business or idea depends on a number of factors. A lot of people have researched on different entrepreneurial setups and have looked into what makes an entrepreneur successful. In this research paper we shall analyze the process of entrepreneurship from different angles and identify the key factors which relate to the success or failure of the entrepreneurial venture. The organization that we have selected for this project is Sony (SCEI). This is because Sony is quite famous for its innovative products and technologies. Over the years Sony has releases some of the breathtaking inventions of today and is considered to be a pioneer in developing new ideas. Sony is also famous for its entrepreneurial culture and environment which supports innovation within the organization. Further, the product that we have selected is their PSP Go, which is a unique handheld gaming console for kids and adults. Sony’s Game business venture is made up of game software and consoles offered by the Sony Computer Entertainment Incorporation (SCEI).The current global digital lifestyle has lead to the innovation and evolution of portable digital games to match. Based on Sony’s Corporation five year strategy, (Sony’s Annual Report 2009, p.23), Sony Computer Entertainment unveiled PSP- GO (Play Station Portable go) in Tokyo on June 3rd 2009 which was made available in stores as from 1st October 2009.PSP go is a new evolution of handheld digital entertainment system, uniquely

The Internet and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Internet and the Law - Essay Example If we look at the traditional model, those are more focused on the producer and distributor of the content. However, in the regulation the law has been amended in such a way that it holds the end user also accountable for any illegal content. The main aim of this article is to bring out the clear picture and the reason for which the regulation of the pornography has been made. This article is written in order to analyze the basis of the regulation of pornography. Though with the regulation the end users are also liable to possess illegal content or pornography, the legal regulation of the extreme pornography still lies with the producer and distributor of the content. In today's world of information technology and internet pornography has reached every nook and corner of the world. Every person is in the easy access of the pornography - whether it is online or offline. If we look at pornography from a different perspective, one question that comes to our mind is if it harmful or not. In some countries pornography is illegal. However, in some countries, possession of the same is not illegal but the distribution or publication is.2 In some countries possession is also illegal for certain types of pornography - like child pornography. In today's world there are various channels through which the pornographic contents are being circulated. The traditional delivery channels are print materials, DVDs, videos, CDs, TV. In the modern times internet, mobile phones, PDAs are also being included as the channel for the transmission. Censorship in the United Kingdom If we look at the censorship in the United Kingdom, there are many stringent laws that are applicable to varied arena. Since our core topic is related to the laws and regulations in the cyber or internet laws, let us straight away head towards the topic. The cyber law in the United Kingdom is very stringent. In the United Kingdom, the internet traffic is being passed through a service called Cleanfeed. The sole purpose of this procedure is to filter out the content that contains the indecent photographs of children of varied ages.3 Since there is a filter or check point being introduced, if there are any such pages that come up in the internet, the page is not delivered to the end user. Instead of that it shows an error stating "URL not found". There are many internet service providers who use WebMinder as well.4 There are few questions that we need to have clarify. Under the English Law, what is called as obscenity? This one question is very important to know. Along with that, to what extent can the obscene be distinguished from the pornographic? Look at the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, s62. How does this UK statutory provision compare with the relevant provision elsewhere internationally? Does extreme pornography regulation merit a different treatment in comparison to child pornography? What alternatives might there be for the regulation of undesirable online content? Could such altern atives provide a better solution to legal intervention? A Multi-Layered Approach Before we talk about the multi-layer approach of governance of pornography and child pornography, we need to know the processes by which pornography and child pornography can be regulated. The regulation of pornography is a controversial topic and the same is arisen in the recent years in relation with the Internet. In the recent days, the

The Spread Of Disease Around The World

The Spread Of Disease Around The World The increased movement of both goods and people increases opportunities for the spread of disease around the world. There are also concerns about the following: potential public health problems due to market liberalisation, the emergence of new diseases globally and worsening of existing ones due to climate change and governmental oversight over economic policies that can affect spending on healthcare. International cooperation as a result of globalisation has also had a great impact on health practices in many countries including Europe. You are a health care worker in a management position at the WHO office in Geneva employed as medical technician responsible for supervising WHO activities in some central European countries. Globalization describes increased global integration in the economic, social, technological, cultural, political and ecological spheres. It is the product of the emergence of the global economy, expansion of transnational linkages between economic units creating new forms of collective decision making, development of intergovernmental and quasi-supranational institutions, intensification of transnational communications and the creation of new regional and military orders. [Hershock, Mason Hawkins, 2007, p.30] Over many centuries, human societies across the globe have established progressively closer contacts. Recently, the pace of global integration has dramatically increased. Unprecedented changes in communications, transportation, and computer technology have given the process new drive and made the world more interdependent than ever. Multinational corporations manufacture products in many countries and sell to consumers around the world. Money, technology and raw materials move e ver more swiftly across national borders. Along with products and finances, ideas and cultures circulate more freely. As a result, laws, economies, and social movements are forming at the international level. Globalization is characterized by the circulation of goods and services between countries in response to criteria of efficiency. Such multilateral agreements between countries, unfortunately, often function to the detriment of the countries with less developed economies. Nevertheless, trade can also benefit developing countries. Outsourcing is one situation in which developing countries that are able to adopt standards, processes, and language of developed countries can benefit from the liberalization of the movement of goods and services. By undertaking some or all components of production or service provision for clients/consumers in the developed country, some economic benefits may occur to the developing country where the outsourced service is provided. But what, we might ask, is the impact of the process of globalization generally and outsourcing more particularly in the health care sector? The movement of professionals in general tends to be detrimental to poorer countries. There are two aspects to this. The most classic is the settlement of young professionals, originally from less developed countries, in more developed countries from which they have graduated with professional credentials. A second phenomenon is the policy of some rich countries, who because they lack doctors and nurses, try to recruit recently trained graduates from poorer countries. The movement of professionals in this way is facilitated by systems that recognize degrees internationally. We foresee at least two issues that should be considered. The first is the potential of such developments to improve the quality in health care within the world. The second relates to issues of access to health care and the ethical dimensions associated [Villa-Caballero L. Globalization and bioethics in health resources (Spanish). Gac Med Mex 2004; 140 (1): 103-106]. Developing international standards in medical education and health care delivery can help improving quality in health care all over the world. Nevertheless, two questions remain. To what extent can one be sure that international standards can be created that will fit the cultural, social, and economical contexts of very different countries? It is often assumed that, simply demonstrating compliance with quality processes, will lead to a result (of the education or of the treatment) that will be the same, whatever the country or the professionals involved. But to what extent can we be sure that applying, for example, North American (or European, or for that matter African or Asian) procedures and quality rules in other countries will lead to adequate quality? Without doubt, globalization poses risks to global health, but it also provides benefits. And although many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) decry the negative effects of increasing globalization, they have also clearly benefited from it to improve healthcare delivery and health policy in many developing countries. A recent key contribution of the global NGO movement lies with the adoption of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). NGOs had an essential and vital role at the local, national and international levels in all development phases of the FCTC (Mackay, 2003) (Mackay J (2003) The making of a convention on tobacco control. Bull WHO 81: 551), and their contribution continues as they actively work with countries in the FCTC ratification process. Globalization has also brought about improvements in research methodology, and some argue that clinical research has become more sophisticated as a result (Wassenaar, 2003) Wassenaar W (2003) Providing services globally: the experience of an internet pharmacy. Healthc Pap 4: 69à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢74. Other benefits of globalization include cross-border use of health services that benefit patients and provide much needed resources to national health systems (Jain, 2003) (Jain SC (2003) Globalization of medical services: antidote for rising costs. Healthc Pap 4: 39à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢44)and improved regulatory practices (Wassenaar, 2003) Wassenaar W (2003) Providing services globally: the experience of an internet pharmacy. Healthc Pap 4: 69à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢74. Finally, one should not underestimate the power of knowledge as it empowers populations and individuals and, in turn, allows them to hold to account their political and professional leaders (Ellis, 2003) (Ellis P (2003) Globalization of healthcare: a UK perspective. Healthc Pap 4: 45à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢49). (word count: 659) Assess the influence of international institutions in healthcare settings The term globalization describes the integration of economic systems through improved communication, but it also represents increased insecurity for those with few resources particularly refugees. This article examines why people migrate, their numbers, constraints on their movement and their particular health care needs. Immigrants have much to contribute to their recipient countries, but at some loss to their homelands. Both economically and morally, more liberal immigration policies would be beneficial. Policies towards asylum seekers should not be more restrictive in the aftermath of 11 September 2001 and detention should be the exception rather than the rule. Globalization should be managed so as to improve peoples lives throughout the world. Quantifying the effect of the EU on the healthcare sector is impossible. For every concrete example, such as the standardization of pacemakers or urinary catheters, there is an intangible one where the benefits cannot be measured. How, for example, do you measure the benefit of the EU-supported exchange and cooperation among hospitals, medical schools, and universities? European Union-funded programs, such as the Socrates-Erasmus Program to promote exchange of teachers and students, and the Leonardo da Vinci Program supporting exchange between healthcare professionals, have unforeseen spin-offs. Health telematics is another huge domain where there has been extensive collaboration. Electronic healthcare records, common European health cards, international data exchange, and the plethora of high-tech telemedicine projects the scope and potential for co-operation and exchange if not total harmonization are endless. The greatest challenge facing the EU, however, is undoubtedly European enlargement. To join the club, applicant countries need to meet stringent requirements. In its turn, the EU, and its institutions, will have to transform into a more transparent and workable entity. Considerations other than health will continue to dominate its business for the foreseeable future. But striving to create greater equality between western Europe and the poorly resourced member states of central and eastern Europe (with their notably worse morbidity and mortality) is a challenge to rise to. For what is the European dream about, if not that? (word count: 337) Evaluate the impact of European Union membership on workplace health practices. The European Union (EU) is obliged to improve public health and to ensure a high level of health protection in all fields of Community policy. In a few areas, namely workplace health and safety and consumer protection, it is even entitled to set minimum standards for the Member States. However, even in the few fields where the EU exerts explicit regulatory authority, it only plays a subsidiary role, limited to promoting cooperation among Member States and complementing national policies. In general it is only allowed to take action where European activity is supposed to produce better results, rather than act at the Member State level. Moreover, member states still retain the competence to shape their national health care systems, e.g. the organization of health care delivery including the institutional organization of care and the division of labor among the various occupational groups. Nevertheless, the EU is not unimportant in the field of health policy. The EU derives its influence mainly from the provisions of the Common Market and the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The creation of the Common Market in 1992 not only provided for the free movement of capital and goods, but also of people and services, the so-called four freedoms. These principles also apply specifically to the health care sector. Therefore, the authority of Member States to shape their health care systems cannot be equated with unlimited freedom of action. The European Court of Justice has ruled that Member States must abide by the principles of free movement of goods, services, capital, and persons when exercising their authority. Thus, economic integration limits the member states freedom of action in health policy. The current text analyzes the effects of European integration on transnational migration of health professionals and the attempts to regulate it. Finally, some countries have restricted the immediate unlimited free movement for employees from the newly admitted member states because of concerns that the job market may not be able to handle immigration from neighboring countries. Thus, Germany and Austria have introduced a five-year transition period during which immigration from Member States is not allowed. This period may be extended for another two years. Other Member States like Italy have restricted the total number of immigrant professionals to an annual maximum. Spain and Greece are especially interested in limiting immigration of foreign physicians and nurses because they already have quite a large supply of qualified health care employees. Thus, free movement of persons has not materialized completely for all Member States. ( Word count :1411 ) Question 2 You are employed by Sahara oil company based in Qatar as their Occupational Health expert. You have responsibilities for the environmental health issues of Sahara oils operations in Qatar. As well, you are responsible for maintaining a healthy work force. Identify the economics of adopting a policy of environmental awareness in heath care settings. The healthcare industry produces millions of tons of waste each year and is one of the largest consumers of energy in the United States. This article focuses on how nurses can facilitate green hospitals and work toward environmental sustainability. The authors critically approach the topic from the perspectives of nursing, environmental health, psychology, politics, international health, economics, and ethics. Specifically, the article addresses the critical role of the professional nurse as a leader in the creation of environmentally friendly and holistic clinical practice. According to the World Health Organization, close to one fourth of the diseases experienced by the worlds population can be attributed to environmental exposures.( Wilburn S. Overview and summary: environmental health: important choices for a greener world. Online J Issues Nurs [serial online]. 2007;12(2). http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN?TableofContents/Volume122007/May31/EnvironmentalHealthImportantChoicesforaGreenerWorld.aspx ) The healthcare industry contributes to this by producing more than 2.4 million tons of waste each year and is one of the largest consumers of energy in many communities.2(Sattler B, Hall K. Healthy choices: transforming our hospitals into environmentally healthy and safe places. Online J Issues Nurse [serial online]. 2007;12(2). http://journal.medscape.com/mjm Hospital waste and energy consumption affect the health of the environment and, consequently, the health of each human being within the environment. While hospitals have the responsibility to treat the sick within their walls, they are also responsible to make sure their walls, their environmental practices, promote the health of clients, staff, and the environment. The duty of maintaining an environmentally friendly hospital is shared among numerous stakeholders within the organization. Nurses, having a holistic viewpoint, responsibility to serve the public, and strong desire to care, have a duty and, importantly, the opportunity to make the hospital an environmentally sustainable environment. On the basis of the holistic perspective of nursing, this article examines how environmental, psychological, ethical, political, and international health issues directly affect hospital efforts to go green. The article provides specific ideas for how nurses can become vanguards for hospital greening initiatives, in both hospital and community settings. Assess the actions that need to be taken by organisations to maintain the environment. One of the greatest psychological barriers for hospitals to consider when going green is the myth that creating healthy buildings costs more money.5 According to H2E,21 the accounting processes of a majority of hospitals focus on the up-front costs of what it would take to go green and disregard the essential life cycle costs of green products. Laustsen3 describes the life cycle cost as the cost benefit of a product over the span of its life. He and other specialists agree that while improving current hospital systems will initially require additional funding, after a few years, the additional amount spent is returned via energy and time-savings and increased product longevity.3 The EPA notes that every dollar a nonprofit healthcare organization saves on energy is equivalent to generating $20 in new revenues for hospitals or $10 for medical offices.22 Two specific methods exist for a hospital organization to introduce both green products and cost savings to the hospital. Environmentally preferable purchasing (EPP) is defined by H2E as choosing those products and services whose environmental impacts are preferable to those of others.23 The EPP involves considering the amount of packaging per product, whether or not the product is single use, and the extent to which the product is made from recycled materials. The Energy Star for Healthcare program exists as a wonderful resource for obtaining EPP products and information, and numerous state organizations sponsor energy-efficient programs that partner with Energy Star for Healthcare. H2E can help hospitals perform EPP through their portfolio planner, available on the organizations Web site. CleanMed conferences provide any easy, hands-on method for hospitals to know how much they will spend and what EPP products they will receive. Along with EPP, the H2E also promotes pay-as-you-thro w contracts for waste management. In these contracts, hospitals are charged on the basis of the actual amount of waste disposed. Pay-as-you-throw contracts entice hospitals to reduce solid waste, which consequently decreases disposal costs.24 These contracts also easily allow hospitals to track exactly how much waste they produce and dispose of, which provides necessary data for greening program evaluations (see Table 2). Hospitals worldwide face dilemmas in the process of becoming environmentally sustainable, and evidence suggests that developing nations experience more obstacles in this area. One of the most influential obstacles is the lack of hospital infrastructure to control waste disposal. In Gaza, limited administrative responsibilities toward environmental and public health are attributed to deficient organizational structures in managing hospital waste.26 This phenomenon is similar to the lack of hospital environmental health enforcement personnel.6 Yet, unlike the United States, national policies and guidelines regarding medical waste management and standardized disposal methods are often scant in many countries.27 Even when government regulations are in place, it may be difficult for low-income countries to enforce them because there is little public pressure to do so.28,29 Also, hospitals in developing countries often lack proper supplies, personal protective equipment, and appropriate re fuse collection services and storage facilities.26,29 Lack of equipment contributes to pollution and undoubtedly predisposes hospital staff to contracting various pathogens, creating a public health concern. Patil and Pokhrel30 explain that, in India and other developing countries, lack of environmental awareness and insufficient appreciation among staff make waste management initiatives difficult to implement. The authors also acknowledge that the bedside nurse is responsible for the initial segregation, disposal, and storage of hospital waste and thus possesses a crucial position in minimizing environmental harm. In Indonesia, awareness among staff, including the experienced nurses, may be low for several reasons: unwillingness to participate, minimal motivation, and improper training and education regarding waste disposal.28 Reasons for poor medical waste management in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, can be attributed to a lack of awareness, dearth of appropriate policy and laws, and apathy.29 In Iran and Tanzania, the staffs unwillingness to participate, lack of motivation, and deficient training and education about green initiatives were reasons why waste management programs did not succeed .28 Researchers and environmental activists believe that resolution of these issues is possible. Activists believe that a key step in doing so is to raise hospital staff awareness because, as Chaerul et al state, the performance of the waste segregation process depends on the knowledge of the hospitals staff at the points of generation.28. If nurses are to be accountable for waste disposal, it is imperative that they understand the waste life cycle, no matter where they are. When environmental awareness in developing countries is established, strong environmental controls and legislative policy are more likely to be enacted and higher standards regarded when considering the disposal of waste.31 Once government and hospital policies are introduced, refuse management projects can be categorized as such: source reduction, solid waste recycling and reuse, solid waste treatment, and solid waste incineration and disposal, according to Karamouz et al.32 Within these categories are the concepts of color-coded bins for different types of wastes and the implementation of multiuse, sterilized supplies.27,29,30 By joining the environmental sustainability bandwagon, US hospitals can hopefully become trendsetters for other countries to follow. Specify the measures that exist to improve workplace health and safety practices The ethical duty of a nurse to promote environmental health is one that persists not only in the hospital working environment but also in the community and world at large. As Dinkins and Sorrell13 note, this duty can take shape through educating patients and staff, performing research, and joining environmental health advocacy groups. Whether in the hospital or community, nurses can use the nursing process in education and policy efforts to promote going green. Perhaps the most integral and basic education method for nurses is self-education, including continuing education. Environmental health nurse Ballard33 strongly encourages continuing education workshops on environmental health in the hospital setting. Nurses need to strongly advocate for required continuing education that includes basic information on environmental sustainability in the healthcare workplace. Basic information should address the environmental impact of hospitals, safe pharmaceutical disposal, PVC materials, recycling and energy conservation efforts, and those hospital committees that affect change. At the preventive level, nurses can advocate for this education to occur as part of new staff orientation and serially, with annual updates. Nurses and nurse educators could utilize the resources provided by the H2E, such as educational teleconferences, the technical assistance hotline, and the online waste priority planner, to enhance educational sessions. As more nurses gain environmental health awareness, the shift must be from not only educating ones self but also transferring this knowledge to allied healthcare staff. Nurses retain the duty of working with top hospital officials and key hospital stakeholders to improve the hospitals environmental impact and create positive change. Nurses can use current literature to advocate for the environmental health, economic, political, and ethical incentives of going green. Sattler and Hall2 encourage nurses to demonstrate how going green remains a goal of The Joint Commission, the EPA, and the Institute of Medicine. As holistic practitioners, nurses must remain aware of the psychological phenomenon of unfreezing, moving, and refreezing in the change process. They must be prepared to educate staff about new greening practices and ways to become involved in these practices. As units introduce new, green products, environmentally aware nurses can provide needed education about their use and be nefit. In addition to advocating for integral environmental health education within the hospital, inpatient nurses can advocate for increased education in the community. Specifically, nurses can petition to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing to promote environmental health education as part of the core curriculum in nursing programs throughout the United States. Nurses could provide evidence that early education can prevent environmental health violations and introduce a passion for environmental health among the future nurses of America. The concepts of going green could be incorporated into all levels of nursing curricula, both in teaching and in practice, to promote increased environmental awareness. One such highly successful college-based environmental health program exists at the University of Maryland and has produced numerous environmental health nurse leaders and hospital-based greening programs.34 By writing petitions to state nursing boards, nurses can hopefully rece ive funding for continuing environmental health education. The H2E Web site provides a plethora of educational material to assist in implementing successful educational programs. ( Word count :1677 ) Question 3 As a health care worker with managerial experience, you have been appointed as the most suitable candidate for for the post of health advisor, by a pharmaceutical company in Mumbai, India, that scources clinical trial contracts from abroad, especially the United States of America and western Europe. Because of its international operations, the work force of the company is also varied with employees from various countries around the world. As a manager, you are not only responsible for managing a section of the workforce; you are also responsible for the health and safety issues of the companys workforce. Analyze the responsibilities of organizations in improving work place health and safety. All organizations employing five or more people must have a written Health and Safety Policy statement. The policy should cover all aspects of the organization and be relevant to all employees. A Health and Safety Policy demonstrates how seriously an organization takes its health and safety responsibilities. A good policy will show how the organization protects those who could be affected by its activities. The policy should be of an appropriate length and relevance to the activities and size of the organization. The occupational health nurses traditional role of evaluating occupational hazards is uniquely difficult in the pharmaceutical industry due to the continuous discovery of new compounds. Awareness of new chemicals and knowledge about their hazards are essential. The authors address these specific challenges as well as nurses changing roles in industry. Pharmaceutical employers have a vested interest in maintaining worker health safety. Because their products are intimately tied to the health care community, employers in this industry need to excel in worker safety and the systems that ensure worker and environmental protection. The benefits are clear. Employees who believe that their employer cares for their health safety and the environment are more likely to be a positive advocate for the company and its products. As in any manufacturing setting, worker health and safety is enhanced by engaging employees in solutions to workplace health safety issues, proactive management response, and reasoned infrastructure investments. A well-designed, comprehensive Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) program can also help address community concerns that can develop from pharmaceutical industry activities. Exponent is well versed in the dynamics of health safety within industry and specifically the dynamics unique to the pharmaceutical industry; both in the US and internationally. For example, consulting personnel have directed EHS organizations within the Pharma industry, participated at both State and National levels setting occupation exposure limits, performed epidemiological and risk assessment studies on pharmaceuticals, assessed facilities for the causation of exposures and contamination, and participated in the design of new facilities. Further, Exponent can directly support employers with: a.) Pre-exposure third party risk assessments of facilities, system audits, and efficacy of EHS management systems and practices; b.) Product containment and facility alarm systems; c.) Post exposure root cause analysis, containment, decontamination, and clearance; d.) Change management in the Pharma workplace; e.) Education, communication, and assessment of community concerns regarding env ironmental impacts and worker health and safety issues; f.) Long-term epidemiological studies; g.) Management, toxicological assessment, and review of new compounds and intermediates. From RD, to manufacturing, pharmaceutical management should expect their EHS program to maintain employee and community exposures as low as reasonably achievable and reap the benefits of improved employee morale, positive community and media perceptions, and minimization of the costs associated with unexpected events. Review approaches to the management of diversity in healthcare settings. Diversity management programs combine Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action with internal organizational initiatives such as diversity sensitivity training. These diversity management policies and initiatives may be interpreted and enacted in various ways. This exploratory study was designed to investigate how managers interpreted the meaning of diversity management and enacted EEO/AA laws and diversity initiatives in a hospital in the process of evaluating its diversity programming. Using a grounded theory approach, in-depth interviews with clinical and non-clinical managers were conducted. Several themes emerged, including professional differences in the legal and social understanding of diversity, the nature of managerial uncertainty, and the significance of formal and informal resources when managing diversity. Compare organizational approaches to ensuring positive policies of work place diversity. Looks at the relationship between changes in the business world and managing diversity. Suggests the adoption of a balanced scorecard approach, to integrate diversity into business strategy and operational activities. The report examines the theory and practice, to conclude that good diversity management does indeed add value. But it is not a quick-fix organizations have to invest time and effort. There are warnings against paying lip-service to diversity especially ignoring the organizational contexts and circumstances in making progress on diversity issues. Employers can be active, proactive or reactive in relation to how they deal with diversity. Proactive employers make forward-looking decisions to employ diverse groups for reasons of business advantage. Active employers seek to engage in best practice when faced with the issue; while reactive employers seek to comply with the provisions of the law. Legislation on anti-discrimination specifies the grounds upon which discrimination is banned. These grounds vary from country to country, but they typically include gender, race, disability, age, sexual orientation and religion. Diversity management programmes may focus on any of these issues but even in the case where legislation is a driver, it is rare to find programmes that focus on all of them. National and EU level definitions of the areas to be covered by diversity emphasize the range of issues that are covered by the legislation. This comprehensive listing of issues reflects a broad concept of diversity that is apparently not reflected in the kinds of concepts used by companies in their diversity management programmes. In companies, DM tends to deal with one or two issues simultaneously (e.g. nationality, ethnicity), even though companies may have relevant programmes in other areas (e.g. older workers, disabled people). The concept (or perhaps the organisation) of DM used by companies is more limited than that implied by legislation. Approaches to diversity management vary. Companies develop DM programmes for a range of reasons. Some companies are active in their approach, i.e. they tend to introduce DM in order to comply with legislation. Others are reactive they introduce DM programmes in response to circumstance, e.g. when job applicants come from different ethnic backgrounds. Other companies are more proactive, i.e. they seek to take business advantage of the opportunities offered by a diverse workforce. Role of legislation is complex. Legislation in the area appears to play a complex role in promoting diversity management programmes. In the public sector, legislation is more likely to act as a major driver, while in the private sector, companies may have other drivers operating, though compliance with legislation appears to be a useful additional benefit of DM programmes. Depth of diversity management varies. Many DM programmes operate primarily through recruitment practices. There is a